Dog
Hip Dysplasia in Large Breed Dogs: Early Signs, OFA/PennHIP Diagnosis, and Management
Complete guide to hip dysplasia in large breed dogs — why German Shepherds / Labradors / Goldens / Rottweilers / Saint Bernards / Newfoundlands are most prone, early signs (bunny-hopping, reluctance to jump, intermittent lameness, gluteal muscle atrophy), juvenile vs adult age of onset, diagnosis (Ortolani sign + OFA hip radiograph at 24+ months + PennHIP distraction index), non-surgical management (weight management, low-impact exercise, NSAIDs, joint supplements), surgical management (DPO/JPS juvenile, THR adult gold standard, FHO salvage), and prevention via breeder OFA-cleared parents.